|
Charles Edmund Lazar Horman (May 15, 1942 – September 19, 1973) was an American journalist documentary filmmaker〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Missing Charlie, 40 Years Later )〕〔(Charles Horman, the good American (in Spanish) )〕 killed during the 1973 Chilean coup d'état led by General Augusto Pinochet〔〔(Sept. 11, 1973: A CIA-backed Military Coup Overthrows Salvador Allende, the Democratically Elected President of Chile )〕〔(Chile and the United States:Declassified Documents Relating to the Military Coup, September 11, 1973 - National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 8 )〕 that deposed the socialist president Salvador Allende. Horman's death was the subject of the 1982 Costa-Gavras film ''Missing.''〔〔 In June 2014, a Chilean court ruled that the US played a "fundamental" role in Horman's murder.〔(Chilean Court Rules U.S. Had Key Role in 1973 Killings of 2 Americans ). ''Democracy Now!'' 1 July 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.〕〔Pascale Bonnefoy (30 June 2014). (Chilean Court Rules U.S. Had Role in Murders ). ''The New York Times.'' Retrieved 4 July 2014.〕 ==Biography== Horman was born New York City, the son of Elizabeth Horman and Edmund Horman. He was an only child and attended the Allen-Stevenson School, where he was a top student in English as well as an excellent cellist; he graduated in 1957. He then graduated cum laude (top 15%) from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1960 and summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1964, where he was President of ''Pendulum'' literary magazine. Working as filmmaker at King TV in Portland Oregon, Charles conceived the short documentary "Napalm" which took an Grand Prize at the Cracow Film Festival in 1967. Upon returning to New York City Charles wrote articles as an investigative journalist for magazines in the United States such as Commentary and The Nation, and newspapers such as the Christian Science Monitor. Charles worked as a reporter in 1967-68 for INNOVATION magazine. Protested the Vietnam War at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Honorably discharged from United States Air Force National Guard 1969. In December 1971, Charles and wife Joyce left New York to journey to Chile. Charles and Joyce studied Spanish in Cuernavaca Mexico at the Ivan Illich school for a month, before proceeding southward through Central America. In Panama they sold their camper and flew to Medellin, Columbia. They arrived in Santiago in the late spring of 1972. They settled temporarily in Santiago Chile where Charles worked as a freelance writer.〔 On September 17, 1973, six days after the military takeover, Horman was seized by Chilean soldiers and taken to the National Stadium in Santiago, which had been turned by the military into an ''ad hoc'' prison camp, where prisoners were interrogated and tortured and many were executed. The whereabouts of Horman's body were presumably undetermined, at least according to the Americans, for about a month following his death, although it was later determined that, after his execution, Horman's body was buried inside a wall in the national stadium. It later turned up in a morgue in the Chilean capital. A second American journalist, Frank Teruggi, met with a similar fate. At the time of the military coup, Horman was in the resort town of Viña del Mar, near the port of Valparaíso, which was a key base for the American and Chilean coup plotters. US officials speculated at the time that Horman was a victim of "Chilean paranoia," but did nothing to intervene. It is unlikely that Horman would have been killed without a green light from the CIA, according to papers released in 1999 under the Freedom of Information Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/13/world/us-victims-of-chile-s-coup-the-uncensored-file.html?scp=1&sq=charles%20horman%20memo&st=cse )〕 Efforts to determine his fate were initially met with resistance and duplicity by US embassy officials in Santiago.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Horman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|